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PHP AND MYSQL WEB DEVELOPMENT
Dropping a Whole Database ..............................................................226
Further Reading ..................................................................................226
Next ....................................................................................................226
10 Accessing Your MySQL Database from the Web
with PHP 227
How Web Database Architectures Work ............................................228
The Basic Steps in Querying a Database
from the Web ....................................................................................232
Checking and Filtering Input Data ....................................................232
Setting Up a Connection ....................................................................234
Choosing a Database to Use ..............................................................235
Querying the Database ........................................................................235
Retrieving the Query Results ..............................................................236
Disconnecting from the Database ......................................................238
Putting New Information in the Database ..........................................238
Other Useful PHP-MySQL Functions ................................................241
Freeing Up Resources ..................................................................241
Creating and Deleting Databases ..................................................242
Other PHP-Database Interfaces ..........................................................242
Further Reading ..................................................................................242
Next ....................................................................................................243
11 Advanced MySQL 245
Understanding the Privilege System in Detail ....................................246
The user Table ..............................................................................247
The db and host Tables ..................................................................248
The tables_priv and columns_priv Tables ....................................249
Access Control: How MySQL Uses the Grant Tables ..................250
Updating Privileges: When Do Changes Take Effect? ..................251
Making Your MySQL Database Secure ............................................251
MySQL from the Operating System’s Point of View ..................252
Passwords ......................................................................................252
User Privileges ..............................................................................253
Web Issues ....................................................................................253
Getting More Information About Databases ......................................254
Getting Information with SHOW ..................................................254
Getting Information About Columns with DESCRIBE ................257
Understanding How Queries Work with EXPLAIN ....................257
Speeding Up Queries with Indexes ....................................................261
General Optimization Tips ..................................................................261
Design Optimization ......................................................................261
Permissions ....................................................................................261
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00 7842 FM 3/6/01 3:38 PM Page xii
- PHP and MySQL 1
- Web Development 1
- PHP and MySQL Web Development 2
- Warning and Disclaimer 2
- Overview 3
- Contents 5
- PART II Using MySQL 169 10
- CONTENTS 11
- PHP AND MYSQL WEB DEVELOPMENT 12
- PART VI Appendixes 779 22
- About the Authors 23
- Dedication 24
- Acknowledgments 24
- Tell Us What You Think! 25
- Introduction 27
- What Is PHP? 28
- What’s New In PHP Version 4? 29
- What Is MySQL? 29
- Why Use PHP and MySQL? 29
- Some of PHP’s Strengths 30
- Some of MySQL’s Strengths 31
- How Is This Book Organized? 32
- PHP Crash Course 35
- Embedding PHP in HTML 39
- Using PHP Tags 40
- PHP Tag Styles 41
- PHP Statements 41
- Whitespace 42
- Comments 42
- Adding Dynamic Content 43
- Calling Functions 44
- The date() Function 44
- Accessing Form Variables 45
- String Concatenation 46
- Identifiers 47
- User-Declared Variables 48
- Assigning Values to Variables 48
- Variable Types 48
- Type Strength 49
- Type Casting 49
- Variable Variables 49
- Constants 50
- Variable Scope 51
- Operators 51
- Arithmetic Operators 52
- String Operators 53
- Assignment Operators 53
- Comparison Operators 55
- Logical Operators 56
- Bitwise Operators 57
- Other Operators 58
- Expressions 60
- Variable Functions 62
- Testing Variable Status 63
- Reinterpreting Variables 63
- Control Structures 64
- Iteration: Repeating Actions 69
- Storing and Retrieving Data 75
- Saving Data for Later 76
- Overview of File Processing 78
- Opening a File 78
- Using fopen() to Open a File 79
- Opening Files for FTP or HTTP 80
- Problems Opening Files 81
- Writing to a File 83
- Closing a File 84
- Reading from a File 85
- Knowing When to Stop: feof() 86
- Reading a Character: fgetc() 88
- Other Useful File Functions 89
- File Locking 91
- What Is an Array? 96
- Numerically Indexed Arrays 97
- Accessing Array Contents 98
- Associative Arrays 99
- Using PHP 100
- Multidimensional Arrays 101
- Using Arrays 103
- FIGURE 3.4 104
- Sorting Arrays 105
- User Defined Sorts 106
- Sorting in Reverse 106
- Reverse User Sorts 108
- Reordering Arrays 109
- Using array_reverse() 110
- Loading Arrays from Files 111
- Other Array Manipulations 114
- Further Reading 118
- String Manipulation and 119
- Regular Expressions 119
- Continued 121
- Formatting Strings 122
- ANIPULATION 123
- IGURE 4.2 123
- Changing the Case of a String 125
- StripSlashes() 126
- IGURE 4.3 127
- Using strtok() 128
- Using substr() 129
- Comparing Strings 130
- Functions 131
- The Basics 135
- Character Sets and Classes 136
- Repetition 137
- Subexpressions 137
- Counted Subexpressions 138
- Branching 138
- Summary of Special Characters 139
- Expression Functions 142
- Reusing Code and Writing 143
- Why Reuse Code? 144
- Using require() and include() 145
- PHP Tags and require() 147
- FIGURE 5.2 148
- REUSING CODE 149
- FUNCTIONS 149
- LISTING 5.1 Continued 149
- Using include() 153
- Using Functions in PHP 155
- Call to Undefined Function 157
- Basic Function Structure 158
- Naming Your Function 159
- Parameters 160
- IGURE 5.4 161
- EUSING CODE 161
- UNCTIONS 161
- Returning from Functions 166
- Code Blocks 168
- Recursion 169
- Object-Oriented PHP 173
- Object-Oriented Concepts 174
- Polymorphism 175
- Inheritance 176
- Structure of a Class 177
- Constructors 177
- Instantiation 178
- Using Class Attributes 178
- Calling Class Operations 180
- Overriding 182
- Multiple Inheritance 183
- Designing Classes 184
- LISTING 6.1 Continued 188
- OBJECT-ORIENTED 189
- Using MySQL 195
- Designing Your Web Database 197
- Relational Database Concepts 198
- Relationships 201
- Avoid Storing Redundant Data 202
- Use Atomic Column Values 204
- Choose Sensible Keys 205
- Database 205
- Web Database Architecture 206
- Creating Your Web Database 209
- How to Log In to MySQL 211
- Creating Databases and Users 213
- Users and Privileges 213
- Principle of Least Privilege 214
- Types and Levels of Privilege 216
- The REVOKE Command 218
- Setting Up a User for the Web 219
- Using the Right Database 219
- Creating Database Tables 220
- What the Other Keywords Mean 222
- MySQL Identifiers 225
- Column Data Types 226
- Numeric Types 227
- Date and Time Types 229
- String Types 230
- Working with Your MySQL 233
- What Is SQL? 234
- ORKING WITH 235
- OUR MYSQL 235
- Simple Two-Table Joins 240
- Joining More Than Two Tables 242
- Finding Rows That Don’t Match 243
- Summary of Joins 245
- Grouping and Aggregating Data 246
- Aggregate Functions in MySQL 247
- Choosing Which Rows to Return 248
- Dropping Tables 252
- Dropping a Whole Database 252
- Accessing Your MySQL 253
- Database from the Web 253
- CCESSING 255
- FIGURE 10.1 256
- ACCESSING 257
- YOUR MYSQL 257
- DATABASE 257
- LISTING 10.2 Continued 257
- Setting Up a Connection 260
- Choosing a Database to Use 261
- Querying the Database 261
- Retrieving the Query Results 262
- IGURE 10.4 267
- Other PHP-Database Interfaces 268
- Advanced MySQL 271
- The user Table 273
- The db and host Tables 274
- Passwords 278
- User Privileges 279
- Web Issues 279
- Getting Information with SHOW 280
- General Optimization Tips 287
- Different Table Types 288
- Loading Data from a File 289
- E-commerce and Security 291
- Running an E-commerce Site 293
- What Do You Want to Achieve? 294
- Types of Commercial Web Sites 294
- Online Brochures 295
- Allowing a Site to Age 296
- Unanswered Questions 299
- Ease of Use 300
- Compatibility 301
- Cutting Costs 302
- Risks and Threats 303
- Computer Hardware Failure 304
- Extensive Competition 304
- Software Errors 305
- System Capacity Limits 305
- Deciding on a Strategy 306
- E-commerce Security Issues 307
- Security Threats 309
- Loss or Destruction of Data 311
- Modification of Data 312
- Denial of Service 313
- Errors in Software 314
- Repudiation 315
- Security 316
- Creating a Security Policy 317
- Authentication Principles 317
- Using Authentication 318
- Encryption Basics 319
- Private Key Encryption 320
- Public Key Encryption 321
- Digital Signatures 322
- Digital Certificates 323
- Secure Web Servers 324
- Auditing and Logging 325
- Firewalls 326
- Backing Up Data 327
- Physical Security 328
- Implementing Authentication 329
- Identifying Visitors 330
- Implementing Access Control 331
- Storing Passwords 334
- IMPLEMENTING 335
- AUTHENTICATION 335
- LISTING 14.2 Continued 335
- Encrypting Passwords 336
- MPLEMENTING 337
- UTHENTICATION 337
- Basic Authentication 338
- IGURE 14.4 341
- IGURE 14.7 347
- Installing mod_auth_mysql 348
- Did It Work? 349
- Using mod_auth_mysql 349
- Implementing Secure 353
- Transactions with PHP and 353
- Providing Secure Transactions 354
- The User’s Machine 355
- The Internet 356
- Your System 357
- RANSACTIONS 359
- IGURE 15.2 359
- IGURE 15.3 359
- IGURE 15.4 361
- Screening User Input 362
- Providing Secure Storage 362
- Using Encryption in PHP 364
- Installing GPG 365
- Testing GPG 368
- LISTING 15.2 Continued 370
- Advanced PHP Techniques 375
- Interacting with the File 377
- System and the Server 377
- Introduction to File Upload 378
- HTML for File Upload 379
- INTERACTING WITH 381
- LISTING 16.2 Continued 381
- HAPTER 16 383
- Using Directory Functions 384
- Get File Info 387
- Changing File Properties 390
- NTERACTING WITH 391
- ILE SYSTEM 391
- Using Network and Protocol 395
- Overview of Protocols 396
- Sending and Reading Email 397
- Using Other Web Services 397
- IGURE 17.1 399
- SING NETWORK 399
- Using FTP 404
- LISTING 17.4 Continued 406
- Logging In to the FTP Server 408
- Checking File Update Times 409
- Downloading the File 410
- Uploading Files 411
- Avoiding Timeouts 412
- Using Other FTP Functions 412
- Managing the Date and Time 417
- Using the date() Function 418
- Dealing with UNIX Time Stamps 420
- Using the getdate() Function 421
- Validating Dates 422
- Date Calculations 424
- Using the Calendar Functions 425
- Generating Images 427
- Image Formats 429
- Creating Images 430
- Creating a Canvas Image 431
- Outputting the Final Graphic 434
- Cleaning Up 436
- FIGURE 19.4 438
- FIGURE 19.5 438
- Listing 19.2 438
- LISTING 19.2 Continued 439
- Setting Up the Base Canvas 440
- Positioning the Text 444
- Finishing Up 445
- FIGURE 19.8 448
- Other Image Functions 454
- Using Session Control in PHP 455
- What Session Control Is 456
- Basic Session Functionality 456
- What Is a Cookie? 457
- Setting Cookies from PHP 457
- Using Cookies with Sessions 458
- Storing the Session ID 458
- Implementing Simple Sessions 459
- Using Session Variables 460
- Simple Session Example 461
- Configuring Session Control 463
- FIGURE 20.6 466
- Other Useful Features 473
- Using Magic Quotes 474
- Evaluating Strings: eval() 475
- Serialization 476
- Identifying the Script Owner 478
- Source Highlighting 480
- Building Practical PHP and 483
- MySQL Projects 483
- Using PHP and MySQL for 485
- Large Projects 485
- Development 486
- SING PHP AND 487
- YSQL FOR 487
- Reusing Code 488
- Writing Maintainable Code 489
- Commenting Your Code 491
- Indenting 491
- Breaking Up Code 492
- Implementing Version Control 493
- Documenting Your Projects 496
- Prototyping 497
- Separating Logic and Content 497
- Optimizing Code 498
- Using Zend Products 499
- Debugging 503
- Programming Errors 504
- Runtime Errors 506
- Reading or Writing Files 508
- Logic Errors 511
- Variable Debugging Aid 512
- DEBUGGING 513
- Error Reporting Levels 515
- Triggering Your Own Errors 518
- Handling Errors Gracefully 518
- Remote Debugging 520
- Building User Authentication 523
- The Problem 524
- Solution Components 525
- Solution Overview 526
- ERSONALIZATION 527
- Implementing the Database 528
- IGURE 24.2 529
- Implementing the Basic Site 530
- IGURE 24.3 531
- Registering 533
- PERSONALIZATION 535
- LISTING 24.6 Continued 535
- FIGURE 24.5 538
- Logging In 539
- Chapter 20 540
- FIGURE 24.6 542
- Logging Out 544
- Changing Passwords 545
- Resetting Forgotten Passwords 547
- FIGURE 24.8 548
- Adding Bookmarks 552
- Bookmarks to the Database 554
- Displaying Bookmarks 555
- Deleting Bookmarks 556
- Bookmark from a User’s List 557
- Implementing Recommendations 558
- Might Like 560
- Actual Recommendations 560
- LISTING 24.27 Continued 561
- FIGURE 24.11 562
- Building a Shopping Cart 565
- SHOPPING CART 573
- LISTING 25.1 Continued 573
- FIGURE 25.4 576
- FIGURE 25.5 576
- Listing Categories 577
- Listing Books in a Category 579
- Showing Book Details 581
- IGURE 25.7 584
- Viewing the Cart 586
- LISTING 25.10 Continued 588
- Adding Items to the Cart 589
- Saving the Updated Cart 591
- Printing a Header Bar Summary 592
- Checking Out 592
- FIGURE 25.8 593
- Gets the Payment Details 594
- LISTING 25.14 Continued 595
- LISTING 25.15 Continued 597
- Implementing Payment 598
- FIGURE 25.10 599
- LISTING 25.16 Continued 600
- FIGURE 25.11 602
- FIGURE 25.12 602
- IGURE 25.13 604
- IGURE 25.14 606
- LISTING 25.19 Continued 608
- Extending the Project 610
- Using an Existing System 610
- Building a Content 613
- Management System 613
- Solution Requirements 614
- Editing Content 615
- Databases Versus File Storage 616
- Using Metadata 617
- Formatting the Output 618
- Image Manipulation 619
- Solution Design/Overview 621
- Designing the Database 623
- Implementation 624
- ANAGEMENT 625
- IGURE 26.3 626
- Back End 628
- IGURE 26.5 629
- LISTING 26.5 Continued 630
- IGURE 26.6 632
- MANAGEMENT 633
- LISTING 26.7 Continued 636
- Searching 637
- FIGURE 26.7 638
- Editor Screen 640
- Building a Web-Based Email 643
- UILDING A 647
- EB-BASED 647
- Setting Up the Database 648
- Script Architecture 649
- LISTING 27.2 Continued 650
- BUILDING A 651
- WEB-BASED 651
- Logging In and Out 655
- IGURE 27.3 657
- Setting Up Accounts 658
- Creating a New Account 660
- Modifying an Existing Account 662
- Deleting an Account 662
- Reading Mail 663
- Viewing Mailbox Contents 666
- User Mailbox 668
- Reading a Mail Message 669
- IGURE 27.6 670
- Viewing Message Headers 673
- Deleting Mail 674
- Sending Mail 675
- Building a Mailing List 681
- File Upload 683
- Sending Mail with Attachments 684
- AILING LIST 685
- IGURE 28.2 685
- IGURE 28.3 685
- LISTING 28.2 Continued 690
- MAILING LIST 691
- Implementing Login 698
- LISTING 28.3 Continued 702
- Logged In User 703
- Implementing User Functions 704
- Viewing Lists 705
- FIGURE 28.7 706
- Viewing List Information 709
- Displays List Information 710
- Viewing List Archives 712
- Subscribing and Unsubscribing 713
- Changing Account Settings 715
- IGURE 28.9 716
- IGURE 28.10 718
- Creating a New List 719
- Uploading a New Newsletter 721
- Displays the File Upload Form 722
- LISTING 28.14 Continued 723
- Handling Multiple File Upload 724
- LISTING 28.15 Continued 725
- Previewing the Newsletter 728
- IGURE 28.14 729
- Sending the Message 730
- LISTING 28.16 Continued 731
- Building Web Forums 737
- Viewing the Tree of Articles 744
- FIGURE 29.5 746
- FIGURE 29.6 746
- Expanding and Collapsing 747
- Displaying the Articles 750
- Using the treenode Class 751
- LISTING 29.5 Continued 752
- BUILDING WEB 753
- Viewing Individual Articles 757
- IGURE 29.7 758
- Adding New Articles 760
- Title from the Database 762
- IGURE 29.9 764
- LISTING 29.13 Continued 766
- Extensions 767
- Generating Personalized 769
- Documents in Portable 769
- Document Format (PDF) 769
- Evaluating Document Formats 771
- Word Processor Formats 772
- Rich Text Format 772
- PostScript 773
- Portable Document Format 774
- ENERATING 777
- ERSONALIZED 777
- OCUMENTS IN 777
- Asking the Questions 779
- LISTING 30.1 Continued 780
- Grading the Answers 781
- LISTING 30.2 Continued 782
- Generating an RTF Certificate 784
- IGURE 30.4 785
- IGURE 30.5 787
- LISTING 30.4 Continued 790
- IGURE 30.6 791
- LISTING 30.6 Continued 797
- GENERATING 797
- PERSONALIZED 797
- DOCUMENTS IN 797
- Problems with Headers 803
- Appendixes 805
- Installing PHP 4 and MySQL 807
- Apache and mod_SSL 813
- Is PHP Support Working? 817
- Is SSL Working? 818
- Windows 95/98 820
- Windows NT/Win2000 820
- Running Apache for Windows 822
- Running Apache as a Service 823
- Installing PHP for Windows 825
- Let’s Test Our Work 826
- Other Configurations 828
- Web Resources 829
- PHP Resources 830
- Apache Resources 832
- + (plus symbol) 834
- Boutell Web site 837
- Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) 879
- Web issues, database security 891
- ZEND.Com Web site 893
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